mushroom dispensary
Ganoderma lucidum - Reishi
Ganoderma lucidum - Reishi
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Focus | Mental Clarity | Cognitive Function
Note: Can be purchased and made into blends to personal specifications, and supplied in capsules or powders upon request.
All of our mushroom extracts are lab-tested, quality-controlled, and supplied by trusted growers on farms we have personally visited and verified.
Summary
Summary
This unique and delicious mushroom has been referred to as ‘Nature’s Nutrient for the Neurons’ on account of its ability to stimulate the production of nerve growth factor (NGF) ¹,². Two families of compounds from H. erinaceus have been identified as being active in the stimulation of NGF production: the aromatic hericenones (isolated from the fruiting body) and the diterpenoid erinacines (isolated from the mycelium). Critically these molecules are small enough to pass through the blood-brain barrier. There is also evidence that they can increase myelination ¹,¹⁶⁻¹⁸. In China, the mycelium is used to make H. erinaceus pills to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, and gastric and oesophageal cancer.
Recommended Medicinal Uses
Recommended Medicinal Uses
• A long history of use treating cancer, credited with many cases of spontaneous remission ²²⁻²³
• Inhibition of NF-kB preventing growth and spread of breast and prostate cancers ³⁷⁻³⁸
• Reduces side effects when given alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy ³⁹⁻⁴¹
• Effective in the treatment of allergies and other inflammatory conditions ⁴⁸⁻⁵²
• Popular traditional treatment for liver diseases with wide hepatoprotective properties ⁵³⁻⁵⁹
• Effective in the treatment of hepatitis ⁶¹⁻⁶³
• Hyperlipidaemic, hypotensive, and anti-thrombotic effects ⁶⁴⁻⁶⁶
• Sedative action recommended for treating insomnia & ‘mental stabilisation’ ⁶⁷⁻⁷⁰
• Immuno-modulatory & anti-inflammatory action suggests potential application in the treatment of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis ⁷¹
• Potential benefits in Alzheimer’s disease ⁷²
• Both polysaccharides and triterpenes from G. lucidum exhibit neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects at levels of 10-80mg/kg ⁷³⁻⁷⁷
• Broad-spectrum cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological benefits & support for blood sugar and cholesterol control ⁷⁹⁻⁸²
Dose
Dose
Traditional materia medica recommend a dose range for crude G. lucidum of 3-15g/day in decoctions or 1.5-3g as powder or in pills while doses of up to 30g/day have been reported and 5.4g/day of polysaccharide extract and 3.0g/day and G. lucidum spore powder have been used in clinical trials ²³,⁴⁷,⁸²⁻⁸⁴. Dose range for dual-extraction products combining polysaccharide-rich hot water and triterpene-rich ethanolic (alcohol-based) extracts is typically 1-3g/day while 500-1,000mg/day is normal for G. lucidum spore oil products.
Contraindications
Contraindications
Cease from use before surgery as could impair blood clotting. Patients on anti-coagulant medication should be monitored due to G.lucidum’s actions in this area. Although, a study of G. lucidum supplementation (1.5g/day) in healthy volunteers showed no effect on haemostatic function ⁸⁵,⁸⁶. We recommend that medical professionals prescribing Reishi check contraindications with patients’ medical history and active prescriptions.
Research
Research
1. Willard T: Reishi mushroom: herb of spiritual potency and medical wonder. Issaquah, WA : Sylvan Press, 1990.
2. Global marketing of medicinal ling zhi mushroomGanoderma lucidum(W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) products and safety concerns. Lai T, Gao YH, Zhou SF.Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;6(2):189–194.
3.Ganoderma lucidumand its pharmaceutically active compounds. Boh B, Berovic M, Zhang JS, Lin ZB.Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2007;13:265–301.
4. Ganoderma – a therapeutic fungal biofactory. Paterson RR.Phytochemistry. 2006;67(18):1985–2001.
5. Antitumor activity of the sporoderm-broken germinating spores ofGanoderma lucidum. Liu X, Yuan JP, Chung CK, Chen XJ.Cancer Lett. 2002;182(2):155–161.
6. Sterols and triterpenoids from the spores ofGanoderma lucidum. Zhang CR, Yang SP, Yue JM.Nat Prod Res. 2008;22(13):1137–1142.
7. Chemical constituents of the spores ofGanoderma lucidum. Zhang XQ, Pang GL, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Ye WC.Zhong Yao Cai. 2008;31(1):41–44.
8. Comparative studies on the immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of the different parts of fruiting body ofGanoderma lucidumandGanodermaspores. Yue GG, Fung KP, Leung PC, Lau CB.Phytother Res. 2008;22(10):1282–1291.
9. Inhibition of tyrosinase fromGanoderma lucidum. Chu HL,Wu HC , Yen-Chin Chen YC, Kuo JM. 12th World Food Congress. 2003;166(2):117–120.
10. Effects on tyrosinase activity by the extracts ofGanoderma lucidumand related mushrooms. Chien CC, Tsai ML, Chen CC, Chang SJ, Tseng CH.Mycopathologia. 2008;166(2):117–120.
11. Dopamine- or L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity: the role of dopamine quinone formation and tyrosinase in a model of Parkinson’s disease. Asanuma M, Miyazaki I, Ogawa N.Neurotox Res. 2003;5(3):165–176.
12. Effect of polysaccharides fromGanoderma applanatumon immune responses. I. Enhancing effect on the induction of delayed hypersensitivity in mice. Nakashima S, Umeda Y, Kanada T.Microbiol Immunol. 1979;23(6):501–513.
13. Antitumor active protein-containing glycans from the Chinese mushroom songshan lingzhi,Ganoderma tsugaemycelium. Zhang J, Wang G, Li H, Zhuang C, Mizuno T, Ito H, Mayuzumi H, Okamoto H, Li J.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1994;58(7):1202–1205.
14. Effect ofGanoderma tsugaeon chronically carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Wu YW, Chen KD, Lin WC.Am J Chin Med. 2004;32(6):841–850.
15. Effects of triterpenoid-rich extracts ofGanoderma tsugaeon airway hyperreactivity and Th2 responsesin vivo. Chen ML, Lin BF.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007;143(1):21–30.
16. A comparison study on the physical/chemical properties and immunomodulatory activities of mycelial polysaccharide extracts from fiveGanodermaspecies. Chen CF, Yang XT, Li XQ, Mi K, Yang QY.Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2007;47(4):628–633.
17. Antiinflammatory triterpenoids and steroids fromGanoderma lucidumandG. tsugae. Ko HH, Hung CF, Wang JP, Lin CN.Phytochemistry. 2008;69(1):234–239.
18.Ganoderma applanatum: a promising mushroom for antitumor and immunomodulating activity. Jeong YT, Yang BK, Jeong SC, Kim SM, Song CH.Phytother Res. 2008;22(5):614–619.
19.Ganoderma tsugaeextracts inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth via G2/M cell cycle arrest. Hsu SC, Ou CC, Li JW, Chuang TC, Kuo HP, Liu JY, Chen CS, Lin SC, Su CH, Kao MC.J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;120(3):394–401.
20.Ganoderma applanatumterpenes protect mouse liver against benzo(α)pyrene-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Ma JQ, Liu CM, Qin ZH, Jiang JH, Sun YZ.Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011;31(3):460–468.
21.Ganoderma tsugaeextract inhibits growth of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells via modulation of HER2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Kuo HP, Hsu SC, Ou CC, Li JW, Tseng HH, Chuang TC, Liu JY, Chen SJ, Su MH, Cheng YC, Chou WY, Kao MC.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:219472.
22. Anticancer effects ofGanoderma lucidum: a review of scientific evidence. Yuen JW, Gohel MD.Nutr Cancer. 2005;53(1):11–17.
23. Regression of gastric large B-Cell lymphoma accompanied by a florid lymphoma-like T-cell reaction: immunomodulatory effect ofGanoderma lucidum(Lingzhi)? Cheuk W, Chan JK, Nuovo G, Chan MK, Fok M.Int J Surg Pathol. 2007;15(2):180–186.
24. Potential of a novel polysaccharide preparation (GLPP) from Anhui-grownGanoderma lucidumin tumour treatment and immuno-stimulation. Pang X, Chen Z, Gao X, Liu W, Slavin M, Yao W, Yu LL.J Food Sci. 2007;72(6):S435–442.
25. Cytotoxic triterpenoids fromGanoderma lucidum. Cheng CR, Yue QX, Wu ZY, Song XY, Tao SJ, Wu XH, Xu PP, Liu X, Guan SH, Guo DA.Phytochemistry. 2010;71(13):1579–1585.
26. Triterpenes fromGanoderma luciduminduce autophagy in colon cancer through the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK). Thyagarajan A, Jedinak A, Nguyen H, Terry C, Baldridge L.A, Jiang J, Sliva D.Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(5):630–640.
27. Ganoderic acid T inhibits tumour invasionin vitroandin vivothrough inhibition of MMP expression. Chen NH, Liu JW, Zhong JJ.Pharmacol Rep. 2010;62(1):150–163.
28. Inhibitory effects ofGanoderma lucidumon tumourigenesis and metastasis of human hepatoma cells in cells and animal models. Weng J, Chau CF, Yen GC, Liao JW, Chen DH, Chen KD.J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(11):5049–5057.
29. Cytotoxic lanostanoid triterpenes fromGanoderma lucidum. Guan SH, Xia JM, Yang M, Wang XM, Liu X, Guo DA.J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2008;10(7-8):705–710.
30. The anti-invasive effect of lucidenic acids isolated from a newGanoderma lucidumstrain. Weng CJ, Chau CF, Chen KD, Chen DH, Yen GC.Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;51(12):1472–1477.
31. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungusGanoderma lucidumand their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. Iwatsuki K, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Oshikubo M, Kimura Y, Asano T, Nomura A, Nishino H.J Nat Prod. 2003;66(12):1582–1585.
32.Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharides: immunomodulation and potential anti-tumor activities. Xu Z, Chen X, Zhong Z, Chen L, Wang Y.Am J Chin Med. 2011;39(1):15–27.
33. Antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides isolated fromGanoderma lucidum. Joseph S, Sabulal B, George V, Antony KR, Janardhanan KK.Acta Pharm. 2011;61(3):335–342.
34. Anti-cancer properties of triterpenoids isolated fromGanoderma lucidum– a review. Wu GS, Guo JJ, Bao JL, Li XW, Chen XP, Lu JJ, Wang YT.Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013;22(8):981–992.
35. Triterpenoids fromGanoderma lucidumand their cytotoxic activities. Li P, Deng YP, Wei XX, Xu JH.Nat Prod Res. 2013;27(1):17–22.
36. Suppression of the inflammatory response by triterpenes isolated from the mushroomGanoderma lucidum. Dudhgaonkar S, Thyagarajan A, Sliva D.Int Immunopharmacol. 2009;9(11):1272–1280.
37.Ganoderma lucidumsuppresses motility of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells. Sliva D, Labarrere C, Slivova V, Sedlak M, Lloyd F.P Jr, Ho N.W.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;298(4):603–612.
38.Ganoderma lucidumsuppresses growth of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. Jiang J, Slivova V, Harvey K, Valachovicova T, Sliva D.Nutr Cancer. 2004;49(2):209–216.
39. Effects of Ganopoly® (aGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Gao YH, Zhou SF, Jiang WQ, Huang M, Dai XH.Immunol Invest. 2003;32(3):201–215.
40. Effects of water-solubleGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with advanced lung cancer. Gao YH, Tang WB, Dai XH, Gao H, Chen GL, Ye JX, Chan EL, Koh HL, Li XT, Zhou SF.J Med Food. 2005;8(2):159–168.
41.Ganoderma lucidum(Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment. Jin X, Ruiz Beguerie J, Sze DM, Chan GC.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(6):CD007731.
42. GlossyGanodermaspore oil promotes apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 through downregulation of miR-21. Zhao GF, Guo W, Zhao XY, Wang YP, Hou YY.Zhongguo ZhongYao Zazhi. 2011;36(9):1231–1234
43. Inhibitory effects of sporoderm-brokenGanoderma lucidumspores on growth of lymphoma implanted in nude mouse. Chen J, Yu YH.Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Zazhi. 2012;20(2):310–314.
44. Extract of sporoderm-broken germinating spores ofGanoderma lucidumactivates human polymorphonuclear neutrophils via theP38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Hsu PY, Chen JL, Chen HY, Yang SH.Chang Gung Med J. 2012;35(2):140–147.
45. Study the rudimentary immunoregulatory mechanisms ofGanodermaspore oil on immunocompromized mice. Yi YJ, Hu S, Xiong XY, Liu DB, Zhong YL.Weisheng Yanjiu. 2012;41(5):833–839.
46.Ganodermaspore induced increased CA72-4 in three gastroenteric tumor patients and literature analysis. Yan B, He ZH, Qin ZF, Shi J, Li YJ, Yuan XX, Wei PK.Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Zazhi. 2012;32(10):1426–1427.
47. Spore powder ofGanoderma lucidumimproves cancer-related fatigue in Breast Cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy: A pilot clinical trial. Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Huang X, Wang J, Kang X.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:809614.
48. Anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium ofGanoderma lucidum. (I) Inhibitory effect of oleic acid on histamine release. Tasaka K, Akagi M, Miyoshi K, Mio M, Makino T.Agents Actions. 1988;23(3–4):153–156.
49. Anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium ofGanoderma lucidum. (II) The inhibitory effect of cyclooctasulfur on histamine release. Tasaka K, Mio M, Izushi K, Akagi M, Makino T.Agents Actions. 1988;23(3–4):157–160.
50. Effectiveness of Dp2 nasal therapy for Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: using oralGanoderma lucidumas an immunomodulator. Liu YH, Tsai CF, Kao MC, Lai YL, Tsai JJ.J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2003;36(4):236–242.
51. The use ofGanoderma lucidum(Reishi) in the management of Histamine-mediated allergic responses. Powell M.The Nutritional Practitioner.2004.
52. The Chinese herbal medicine formula FAHF-2 completely blocks anaphylactic reactions in murine model of peanut allergy. Srivastava KD, Kattan JD, Zou ZM, Li JH, Zhang L, Wallenstein S, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(1):171–178.
53. Antimutagenic activity of methanolic extract ofGanoderma lucidumand its effect on hepatic damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene. Lakshmi B, Ajith TA, Jose N, Janardhanan KK.J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107(2):297–303.
54. Effects ofGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharide on CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A activities in BCG-immune hepatic injury in rats. Wang X, Zhao X, Li D, Lou YQ, Lin ZB, Zhang GL.Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(9):1702–1706.
55. Post-treatment ofGanoderma lucidumreduced liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide in mice. Wu YW, Fang HL, Lin WC.Phytother Res. 2010;24(4):494–499.
56.In vitroandin vivoprotective effects of proteoglycan isolated from mycelia ofGanoderma lucidumon carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. Yang XJ, Liu J, Ye LB, Yang F, Ye L, Gao JR, Wu ZH.World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(9):1379–1385.
57. Antifibrotic effects of a polysaccharide extracted fromGanoderma lucidum, glycyrrhizin, and pentoxifylline in rats with cirrhosis induced by biliary obstruction. Park EJ, Ko G, Kim J, Sohn DH.Biol Pharm Bull. 1997;20(4):417–420.
58. Hepatoprotective effects of mushrooms. Soares AA, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht A, da Costa SM, Koehnlein EA, de Souza CG, Peralta RM.Molecules. 2013;18(7):7609–7630.
59. Hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract from Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroomGanoderma lucidum(higher Basidiomycetes) on α-amanitin-induced liver injury in mice. Wu X, Zeng J, Hu JS, Liao Q, Zhou R, Zhang P, Chen ZH.Int J Med Mushrooms. 2013;15(4):383–391.
60.Ganoderma lucidumextract attenuates the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by blocking the PDGF receptor. Wang GJ, Huang YJ, Chen DH, Lin YL.Phytother Res. 2009;23(6):833–839.
61. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with Wulingdan pill. Yan R, Zhou YX, Liu JB.J Fourth Military Med Univ. 1987;8(6):380–383.
62. Effects of total triterpenoids extract fromGanoderma lucidum(Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Reishi Mushroom) on experimental liver injury models induced by Carbon Tetrachloride or D-galactosamine in mice. Lin ZB, Wang MY, Liu Q, Che QM.Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4(1):37–41
63. Anti-hepatitis B activities of ganoderic acid fromGanoderma lucidum. Li YQ, Wang SF.Biotechnol Lett. 2006;28(11):837–841.
64. A phase I/II study of ling zhi mushroomGanoderma lucidum(W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) extract in patients with coronary heart disease. Gao YH, Chen GL, Dai XH, Ye JX, Zhou SF.Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;6(4):327–334.
65. Effect ofGanoderma lucidumon the quality and functionality of Korean traditional rice wine, yakju. Kim JH, Lee DH, Lee SH, Choi SY, Lee JS.J Biosci Bioeng. 2004;97(1):24–28.
66. Anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) proteins from mycelia ofGanoderma lucidum(Curtis) P. Karst. Mohamad Ansor N, Abdullah N, Aminudin N.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:256.
67. A preliminary study on the sleep-improvement function of the effective ingredients ofGanoderma lucidumfruitbody. Jia W, Wu M, Zhang JS, Liu YF.Acta Edulis Fungi. 2005;12(3):43–47.
68. Sleep-promoting effects ofGanodermaextracts in rats: comparison between long-term and acute administrations. Honda K, Komoda Y, Inoué S.Tokyo Ika Shika Daigaku Iyo Kizai Kenkyusho Hokoku. 1988;22:77–82.
69. Extract ofGanoderma lucidumpotentiates pentobarbital induced sleep via a GABAergic mechanism. Chu QP, Wang LE, Cui XY, Fu HZ, Lin ZB, Lin SQ, Zhang YH.Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007;86(4):693–698.
70. Extract ofGanoderma lucidumprolongs sleep time in rats. Cui XY, Cui SY, Zhang J, Wang ZJ, Yu B, Sheng ZF, Zhang XQ, Zhang YH.J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139(3):796–800.
71.Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharide peptide reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in activated rheumatoid synovial fibroblast. Ho YW, Yeung JS, Chiu PK, Tang WM, Lin ZB, Man RY, Lau CS.Mol Cell Biochem. 2007;301(1-2):173–179.
72. Antagonizing beta-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity of the antiaging fungusGanoderma lucidum. Lai CS, Yu MS, Yuen WH, So KF, Zee SY, Chang RC.Brain Res. 2008;1190:215–224.
73. Neuroprotective effects of water-solubleGanoderma lucidumpolysaccharides on cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Zhou ZY, Tang YP, Xiang J, Wua P, Jin HM, Wang Z, Mori M, Cai DF.J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;131(1):154–164.
74.Ganoderma lucidumreduces kainic acid-induced hippocampal neuronal damage via inflammatory cytokines and glial fibrillary acid protein expression. Aguirre Moreno AC, Campos Peña V, Villeda Hernández J, León Rivera I, Montiel Arcos E.Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2011;54:78–79.
75. Triterpenoids with neurotrophic activity fromGanoderma lucidum. Zhang XQ, Ip FC, Zhang DM, Chen LX, Zhang W, Li YL, Ip NY, Ye WC.Nat Prod Res. 2011;25(17):1607–1613.
76. Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of oligosaccharides from Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom,Ganoderma lucidum(higher Basidiomycetes). Tello I, Campos-Pena V, Montiel E, Rodriguez V, Aguirre-Moreno A, Leon-Rivera I, Del Rio-Portilla F, Herrera-Ruiz M, Villeda-Hernandez J.Int J Med Mushrooms. 2013;15(6):555–568.
77. Neuroprotective effect of preadministration withGanoderma lucidumspore on rat hippocampus. Zhou Y, Qu ZQ, Zeng YS, Lin YK, Li Y, Chung P, Wong R, Hägg U.Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012;64(7-8):673–680.
78. Novel hypoglycemic effects ofGanoderma lucidumwater-extract in obese/diabetic (+db/+db) mice. Seto SW, Lam TY, Tam HL, Au AL, Chan SW, Wu JH, Yu PH, Leung GP, Ngai SM, Yeung JH, Leung PS, Lee SM, Kwan YW.Phytomedicine. 2009;16(5):426–436.
79. Cholesterol-lowering properties ofGanoderma lucidumin vitro,ex-vivo, and in hamsters and minipigs. Berger A, Rein D, Kratky E, Monnard I, Hajjaj H, Meirim I, Piguet-Welsch C, Hauser J, Mace K, Niederberger P.Lipids Health Dis. 2004;3:2.
80. Ganoderic acid and its derivatives as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Komoda Y, Shimizu M, Sonoda Y, Sato Y.Chem Pharm Bull. 1989;37(2):531–533.
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85. Experimental and clinical studies on inhibitory effect ofGanoderma lucidumon platelet aggregation. Tao J, Feng KY.J Tongji Med Univ. 1990;10(4):240–243.
86. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the platelet and global hemostatic effects ofGanoderma lucidum(Ling-Zhi) in healthy volunteers. Kwok Y, Ng KF, Li CC, Lam CC, Man RY.Anesth Analg. 2005;101(2):423–426.
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